Total plasma protein can be measure using a refractometer or other clinicopathological technique. Many blood gas analyzers measure sodium, potassium, and calcium. It is also important to know this information for interpretation of the blood gas values in the clinical setting. The fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and body temperature are often required by the blood gas machine for calculation of Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradients and temperature corrected values respectively. If not anticoagulated the sample will cause an error.īefore a blood gas can be interpreted, information about the conditions the animal was exposed to need to be considered. If unchilled for a long period cellular metabolism will continue and PaO2 will be lower and PaCO2 increased.ģ. PaO2 may increase if the sample PaO2 is less than the partial pressure of oxygen in room air.Ģ. If sample is left uncapped for a prolonged period PaCO2 and PaO2 may be lower. Some common errors associated with improper sample collection and storage are:ġ. If the sample is not going to be analyzed immediately it should be capped and placed on ice until it is run. All visible air should be expelled from the syringe following sample collection. Enough blood should be collected (~ 1 ml) to prevent the heparin from diluting the blood significantly. Alternatively, syringes containing powdered heparin specifically designed for arterial blood collection are commercially available. This process coats the inside of the syringe barrel and the hub of the needle. Usually the syringe is filled with heparin and then emptied. The sample should be collected into a heparinized syringe. The use of free-flowing lingual venous blood can sometimes be used to estimate arterial blood gas values in anesthetized animals when arterial blood is unobtainable. Arterial blood is preferred when assessing respiratory and metabolic status, but venous blood may be useful for assessment of some metabolic disturbances. With the availability of relatively inexpensive point of care units such as the i-STAT and IRMA, blood gas analysis and interpretation has become more common.īlood gas analysis begins with collection of the sample. The main argument against not using blood gas analysis to guide case management in private practice was the cost of purchasing and maintaining a bench-top blood gas analyzer. In the past blood gas analysis and interpretation was performed primarily at university and large referral hospitals.
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