![]() Movable joints allow bones to move freely.Besides the joints between vertebrae, they include the joints between the ribs and sternum (breast bone). Most partly movable joints are cartilaginous joints. Partly movable joints permit slight movement.Besides the bones of the cranium, immovable joints include joints between the tibia and fibula in the lower leg, and between the radius and ulna in the lower arm. Most immovable joints are fibrous joints. Immovable joints allow little or no movement at the joint.There are three types of joints in the functional classification: immovable, partly movable, and movable joints. The functional classification of joints is based on the type and degree of movement that they allow. The knee is a synovial joint.įigure 11.6.2 A typical synovial joint is represented by this diagram. Cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of the two bones, but the bones are actually held together by ligaments. The cavity is enclosed by a membrane and filled with a fluid (called synovial fluid) that provides extra cushioning to the ends of the bones. You can see a drawing of a typical synovial joint in Figure 11.6.2. Synovial joints are characterized by a fluid-filled space (called a synovial cavity) between the bones of the joints.The joints between most of the vertebrae in the spine are cartilaginous joints. Cartilaginous joints are joints in which bones are joined by cartilage.The joints between bones of the cranium are fibrous joints. Fibrous joints are joints in which bones are joined by dense connective tissue that is rich in collagen fibres.There are three types of joints in the structural classification: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints. The structural classification of joints is based on the type of tissue that binds the bones to each other at the joint. There is significant overlap between the two types of classifications, because function depends largely on structure. The functional classification of joints depends on the nature of the movement the joints allow. The structural classification of joints depends on the manner in which the bones connect to each other. Joints can be classified structurally or functionally. Chapter 1 - Nature and Processes of Scienceġ.1 Case Study: Why Should You Learn About Science?ġ.7 Pseudoscience and Other Misuses of Scienceġ.8 Case Study Conclusion: To Give a Shot or NotĢ.1 Case Study: Why Should You Study Human Biology?Ģ.6 Case Study Conclusion: Our Invisible InhabitantsĤ.14 Case Study Conclusion: More Than Just Tiredĥ.10 Mendel's Experiments and Laws of Inheritanceĥ.12 Sexual Reproduction, Meiosis, and Gametogenesisĥ.18 Case Study Conclusion: Cancer in the FamilyĦ.1 Case Study: Our Similarities and DifferencesĦ.4 Human Responses to Environmental StressĦ.9 Case Study Conclusion: Your Genes May Help You Save a Lifeħ.9 Case Study Conclusion: Under PressureĨ.1 Case Study: The Control Centre of Your Bodyġ0.1 Case Study: Skin, Hair, and Nails - Decorative but Functionalġ0.2 Introduction to the Integumentary Systemġ0.8 Case Study Conclusion: Wearing His Heart on His Sleeveġ1.8 Case Study Conclusion: A Pain in the Footġ2.7 Case Study Conclusion: Needing to Relaxġ3.1 Case Study: Respiratory System and Gas Exchangeġ3.2 Structure and Function of the Respiratory Systemġ3.7 Case Study Conclusion: Cough That Won't Quitġ4.1 Case Study: Your Body's Transportation Systemġ4.2 Introduction to the Cardiovascular Systemġ5.2 Introduction to the Digestive Systemġ5.7 Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tractġ5.8 Case Study Conclusion: Please Don’t Pass the Breadġ6.5 Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethraġ6.7 Case Study Conclusion: Drink and Flushġ7.7 Case Study Conclusion: Defending Your Defensesġ8.2 Introduction to the Reproductive Systemġ8.3 Structures of the Male Reproductive Systemġ8.4 Functions of the Male Reproductive Systemġ8.5 Disorders of the Male Reproductive Systemġ8.6 Structures of the Female Reproductive Systemġ8.7 Functions of the Female Reproductive Systemġ8.9 Disorders of the Female Reproductive Systemġ8.12 Case Study Conclusion: Trying to ConceiveĬhapter 1 Answers: Nature and Processes of ScienceĬhapter 2 Answers: Biology: The Study of LifeĬhapter 7 Answers: Introduction to the Human BodyĬhapter 14 Answers: Cardiovascular System ![]()
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